磁気ビーズ法による核酸抽出: 正確かつ効率的 “ジーンキャッチャー”

分子生物学や医療診断分野, 核酸抽出は遺伝暗号を解く最初のステップです. From the detection of novel coronavirus nucleic acid to cancer gene analysis, the purity and yield of nucleic acid directly affect the accuracy of the results. 近年では, the magnetic bead nucleic acid extraction technology, with its efficient, flexible and automatic characteristics, has gradually replaced the traditional phenol chlorine method and centrifugal column method, and become the “star tool” of the laboratory.

1. Principles and procedure of nucleic acid extraction by magnetic bead method

The core of the magnetic bead method is the use of surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles (about 50-500 nm in diameter) to bind to nucleic acids by electrostatic adsorption, 疎水性相互作用, or specific ligands (such as silicon hydroxyl and carboxyl groups). Its operation process includes the following steps:

Sample lysis: The lysate destroys the cell membrane / viral capsid and releases the nucleic acid;

Magnetic bead binding: magnetic beads specifically bind with nucleic acids to form a “nucleic acid-magnetic bead complex”;

Magnetic separation: an external magnetic field to adsorb magnetic beads, discard the impurity liquid;

洗浄: buffer to remove proteins, polysaccharides and other contaminants;

溶出: The low-salt solution separates the nucleic acid from the magnetic beads to obtain a high-purity nucleic acid.

This process does not require centrifugal column or organic solvent, only magnetic frame, 操作手順を大幅に簡素化.

2. Comparison of the magnetic bead method with the conventional method

あ. Traditional phenol-chlorine method: tedious and dangerous

Principle: Nucleic acid is extracted by organic solvents such as phenol and chloroform, and separated by centrifugation;

短所: complex steps (need multiple centrifugation), the use of toxic reagents (harm to health), low recovery rate (easy to cause nucleic acid fracture or loss), and difficult to automate.

B. 遠心塔法: a compromise choice

Principle: Nucleic acid combined with silica gel membrane centrifuge column, purified by centrifugal force;

利点: 高純度, suitable for conventional samples;

短所: relying on centrifuge, cumbersome steps (multiple liquid transfer), the effect is unstable, and the cost of centrifugal column consumables is high.

C. 磁気ビーズ法: a comprehensively upgraded technology

効率: high degree of automation, can process hundreds of samples at the same time, time-consuming shortened by more than 30%;

感度: the recovery of trace samples (such as plasma free DNA) は 20% -30% higher than the centrifugal column method;

Adaptability: can handle complex samples (such as feces, 土壌, FFPE tissue), with strong anti-interference ability;

Environmental protection and safety: reduce the use of organic solvents and reduce the pollution risk.

3. Core advantages of the magnetic bead method

High throughput and automation: adaptive automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument, suitable for large-scale screening (such as COVID-19 detection);

High purity and high yield: the magnetic bead surface functional group selective adsorption of nucleic acid, the impurity residue rate is lower than the traditional method;

Flexible customization: magnetic beads can modify different functional groups, adapt to DNA, RNA or specific fragment extraction requirements;

Quick response: のみ 30 minutes from sample to result, helping with emergency scenarios such as the epidemic.

4. Application scenarios and future prospects

Medical diagnosis: the core steps of COVID-19, HPV and tumor marker detection;

Scientific research fields: 単一細胞シーケンス, environmental microbiome analysis;

食品の安全性: to detect pathogenic bacteria or genetically modified ingredients in food.

将来, the magnetic bead method will further develop towards miniaturization (such as microfluidic chip integration) and intelligence (AI control process), and promote the popularization of precision medicine and point-in-time detection(POCT).

5. Notes and common misunderstandings

Myth 1: The more magnetic beads, より良い? Excessive magnetic beads will adsorb impurities, but reduce the purity;

Myth 2: The more washing, より良い? Excessive washing may lead to nucleic acid loss;

Key point: the appropriate magnetic bead and reagent system should be selected according to the sample type to avoid blind replacement.

サプライヤー

上海霊軍生物技術有限公司, 株式会社に設立されました 2016 生体磁性材料と核酸抽出試薬の専門メーカーです.

核酸抽出・精製の経験が豊富です。, タンパク質の精製, 細胞分離, 化学発光, その他の技術分野.

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